1 Kings 7:29

Authorized King James Version

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And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work.

Original Language Analysis

וְעַֽל H5921
וְעַֽל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַמִּסְגְּר֞וֹת And on the borders H4526
הַמִּסְגְּר֞וֹת And on the borders
Strong's: H4526
Word #: 2 of 18
something enclosing, i.e., a margin (of a region, of a panel); concretely, a stronghold
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בֵּ֣ין H996
בֵּ֣ין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 4 of 18
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
הַשְׁלַבִּ֖ים and upon the ledges H7948
הַשְׁלַבִּ֖ים and upon the ledges
Strong's: H7948
Word #: 5 of 18
a spacer or raised interval, i.e., the stile in a frame or panel
לַֽאֲרָי֣וֹת and beneath the lions H738
לַֽאֲרָי֣וֹת and beneath the lions
Strong's: H738
Word #: 6 of 18
a lion
וְלַבָּקָ֔ר and oxen H1241
וְלַבָּקָ֔ר and oxen
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 7 of 18
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
וּכְרוּבִ֔ים and cherubims H3742
וּכְרוּבִ֔ים and cherubims
Strong's: H3742
Word #: 8 of 18
a cherub or imaginary figure
וְעַל H5921
וְעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַשְׁלַבִּ֖ים and upon the ledges H7948
הַשְׁלַבִּ֖ים and upon the ledges
Strong's: H7948
Word #: 10 of 18
a spacer or raised interval, i.e., the stile in a frame or panel
כֵּ֣ן there was a base H3653
כֵּ֣ן there was a base
Strong's: H3653
Word #: 11 of 18
a stand, i.e., pedestal or station
מִמָּ֑עַל above H4605
מִמָּ֑עַל above
Strong's: H4605
Word #: 12 of 18
properly,the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc
וּמִתַּ֙חַת֙ H8478
וּמִתַּ֙חַת֙
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 13 of 18
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
לַֽאֲרָי֣וֹת and beneath the lions H738
לַֽאֲרָי֣וֹת and beneath the lions
Strong's: H738
Word #: 14 of 18
a lion
וְלַבָּקָ֔ר and oxen H1241
וְלַבָּקָ֔ר and oxen
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 15 of 18
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
לֹי֖וֹת were certain additions H3914
לֹי֖וֹת were certain additions
Strong's: H3914
Word #: 16 of 18
a wreath
מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה work H4639
מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה work
Strong's: H4639
Word #: 17 of 18
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
מוֹרָֽד׃ made of thin H4174
מוֹרָֽד׃ made of thin
Strong's: H4174
Word #: 18 of 18
a descent; as architecture, an ornamental appendage, perhaps a festoon

Analysis & Commentary

And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of temple furnishings and solomon's palace, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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